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Self - injury or self mutilation is one of the destructive behaviours in which theindividual generally hurts his own body and his attempts to injure himself leadto physical pain and suffer.In the existence of self - injury behaviours some different reasons should betaken into consideraticn . Perhaps the mostimportantausesofthisbehaviousare the disability to express the feelings, anger and aggression, reduction oftolerance while facing the stresses and tensions and finally fear and feeling ofbeing sinful.Self - injury should be recognized as a symptom of different types of mentaldisorders and some organic disarders . Such as encephalilis and Adison' sdisease.In order toachieve a successful treatment, the patients should be trained toreduce their tension and anger by means of comforting techniques ,considering the individual health and physical demands and elevating the levelof his skills to solve the problems.Having Knowledge about disease and awareness of the causes of self - injurybehaviours, it can be helpful to the patients in prevention of such behaviours.Index of Terms: